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The main function of an operating system is to manage hardware and software resources on a computer. This involves coordinating the use of resources such as the CPU, memory, storage devices, and input/output devices, ensuring that different applications can operate smoothly without conflict. The operating system acts as an intermediary between users and the hardware, making it easier to run applications, manage files, and perform various tasks effectively.

This fundamental role encompasses a wide array of responsibilities, including managing system memory, handling process scheduling, providing a user interface, and facilitating communication between hardware components and software applications. An efficient operating system ensures optimal performance and stability, enabling users to interact with the computer seamlessly.

Other options describe specific functions or features that an operating system might facilitate but do not define its main role. Compiling source code, encrypting data, and enabling internet connectivity are tasks that may be performed by applications or tools within the system but are not the primary functions of the operating system itself.